what is anaemia, definition, causes,symptoms,types ??

 what is anemia? 

Anemia is a deficiency of the normal nutrient oxygen that enables the hemoglobin protein, made in the liver and blood cells, to carry oxygen to all tissues in the body.

About two-thirds of the human body consists of oxygen-carrying blood cells that must be constantly replenished through oxygenating fluid that surrounds and inside them.

Normal hemoglobin exists in three forms: the healthy, normal hemoglobin A, which forms blood cells; hemoglobin O, which is the hemoglobin in the red blood cells that carry oxygen; and hemoglobin S, which does not carry oxygen.

Normal blood hemoglobin has a high oxygen affinity to carry oxygen; when oxygen binds to it, oxygen is released into the blood.

  anemia is a condition when the level of hemoglobin or red blood cells in the blood drops too low in adult people, anaemia is often a consequence of chronic diseases, infections, or low red blood cell count in babies chronic conditions, such as malaria or bacterial infections, can reduce red blood cell production. A blood test of some sort may be necessary to determine whether it is anemia that you suffer from. 

The typical blood tests for anemia can be ordered through your doctor, in particular, a complete blood count (CBC), which assesses the volume of red and white blood cells (measuring the levels of the red and white blood cells in the blood) and the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells (measuring the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells).

Also, read- blood Kaise Banta hai

what are the symptoms of anemia?

1.a lack of blood and iron within your tissues, leading to an imbalance of the body's energy and oxygen supply

2.excess of intracranial blood, which concentrates on your eyes, ears, skin, and organs, draining away vital oxygen and nutrients

3.lack of energy in your muscles and brain, which can lead to heart or brain failure

4.Many physicians tend to be less worried about anemia with non-malignant skin lesions, though chronic anemia of any kind could be a warning sign of problems in the brain or heart.

5.It's a frequent disease of the young, and it tends to show up during the second or third year of life.

Symptoms of anemia during early childhood:

• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Diarrhea
• Blurred vision
• Paralysis

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When do anemia symptoms start?

Most adults have anemia at some point, though the first symptoms in children can sometimes be confused with other conditions. The most common place to start is with a persistent stomach or earache, or sometimes a fall or illness.

what are the causes of anemia?

If your iron or hemoglobin levels are very low, then your metabolism is shut down, which means you can’t absorb nutrients. Your whole blood gets to iron, but some of it is discarded by the liver as a waste product known as bilirubin. Without the liver to remove this waste, bilirubin gets into your bloodstream and your liver. After a while, there is nothing left to remove bilirubin from the body. Eventually, bilirubin accumulates to high levels and enters the bloodstream.

the primary cause of anemia is iron deficiency. When you have an iron deficiency it's called anemia. It affects all the tissues of the body.

A limitation in your ability to absorb iron plays a role in the development of anemia as well. If you have a decreased flow of oxygen to the tissue in which iron is supposed to be stored you will have anemia, if you have a decreased flow of blood to your tissues you will have anemia.

• iron deficiency
• influenza or the flu
• bacteria infections
• pregnancy or hormonal changes
• diabetes
• chronic kidney disease
• insulin or diabetes medicines
• consumption of alcohol
• other medical conditions
• Bone marrow failure
• Vitamin A deficiency
• Damage to the organs (heart) due to anemia
• Dehydration
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hepatitis C
• HPV viral infection
• Impurities and toxins 

how many types of anemia

There are many types of anemia depending on the cause and the applications that can be understood in the following way-

• Iron deficiency anemia.
• Sickle cell anemia.
• hemolytic anemia
• aplastic anemia
• thalassemia
• pernicious anemia
• hemorrhagic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia.

Iron deficiency is an ongoing condition that can affect almost anyone, including pregnant women, athletes, and adolescents. Iron is an essential mineral that your body uses for many things. Because iron deficiency anemia does not occur as frequently as anemia related to other causes, iron deficiency anemia is often overlooked. 

Although iron deficiency anemia can affect children, women, and athletes, in most cases, iron deficiency anemia affects older adults, most often women. Iron deficiency anemia can happen at any age and is difficult to detect, treat and prevent.

Even for younger adults with iron deficiency anemia, iron supplements are used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Iron is necessary for normal blood cell functioning, and iron deficiency anemia often causes a gradual loss of your overall iron stores. 

Iron deficiency anemia is different from anemia, which happens when your body doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells. In iron deficiency anemia, the body isn’t able to get enough iron to properly make healthy blood cells. Because iron deficiency anemia does not affect the red blood cells, iron is not used in bone formation. 

Instead, iron deficiency anemia decreases the formation of healthy blood cells and protein and leads to tissue damage in the bone marrow. When your red blood cells don’t function normally, iron deficiency anemia can result in iron deficiency and anemia.

Sickle-cell Anemia

Sickle cell is an inherited disorder that is characterized by the formation of large, rigid, sickle-shaped red blood cells that do not properly separate. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a lifelong genetic disease that affects the production of anemia-producing hemoglobin, or hemoglobin S, within red blood cells. Sickle cell disease affects blood cells in two ways. In some cases, sickle cell disease is caused by mutations that occur during gene expression, which interrupts the normal branching pattern of red blood cells. In other cases, sickle cell disease is inherited from both parents. That means that a person carrying a sickle cell gene and one non-sickle cell gene have sickle cell disease. The disease causes the bone marrow to produce a molecule called sickle hemoglobin. That’s the protein that is commonly known as sickle cell anemia.

hemolytic anemia

Hemolysis is where there is elevated clotting of red blood cells. This is a problem where the blood does not clot well due to an insufficient number of blood cells. Hemolytic anemia can be linked to a number of causes. It can be triggered by diabetes or cancer. 

It can also be triggered by an infected tooth, the flu, steroids, kidney problems, a heart attack, or asthma. Some medications, such as insulin, are a good source of hemolytic anemia. A small amount of hemolysis that is linked to kidney disease can lead to kidney failure. 

Hemolytic anemia is a common cause of short-term renal failure. Many individuals may get their diagnosis after receiving a blood transfusion. The goal is to have hemolytic anemia diagnosed quickly and treated before the blood causes further problems. Hemolytic

aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a disorder that affects the bone marrow. The bone marrow is where the cells of the body are formed. The condition is when the bone marrow becomes clogged up. This is usually caused by an infection. As a result, the body cannot make enough of the proteins and other substances that allow the cell to function properly. Blood cells are made up of proteins. Many of these proteins are found on the surface of your red blood cells. This protects red blood cells from contamination by other cells.

thalassemia

The disease is essentially anemia of blood, caused by a deficiency of red blood cells, hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds oxygen from the air. If you have a deficiency of hemoglobin, the oxygen is not absorbed into your tissues.

Usually, thalassemia affects about 1 in 300 people. Since the condition of thalassemia affects both males and females equally, it tends to get overlooked as a disease only affecting girls. 

But thalassemia affects both sexes equally and frequently causes miscarriage and severe anemia in pregnant women. Because the severity of the anemia can be very severe, thalassemia results in a woman becoming severely anemic, along with their pregnancies. This is very dangerous for the mother and can be fatal.

For example, if a female with thalassemia has a pregnancy, and she has bleeding in the first trimester and reaches a critical level of anemia, the thalassemia could cause the placenta to degenerate and the baby to die. 

 Pernicious anemia

pernicious anemia occurs when both red and white blood cells aren’t made. Poor nutrition leads to anemia, although other factors can cause anemia to emerge after only a few days of eating improperly. As a result, the entire bloodstream becomes exhausted from the anemia.

 The immune system is unable to do anything, causing organs such as the lungs and heart to wear out. Pernicious anemia is generally a symptom, not the disease itself. 

The abnormal anemia may be anemia of the bone marrow or the white blood cells of the bone marrow, or of the red blood cells. Pernicious anemia may also be an abnormal finding in the complete blood count that occurs as a result of the anemia.

hemorrhagic anemia

Basically, you lose lots of red blood cells. Hemorrhagic anemia occurs when your red blood cells don't have enough oxygen or hemoglobin to carry your body properly. This leads to a high amount of oxygen loss. Ultimately, hemorrhagic anemia results in a quicker death. 

The increase of hemoglobin usually makes the heart beat faster in a respiratory disorder. In severe cases, there might be respiratory trouble and breathing problems due to insufficient blood flow. It's a blood-deprived state in which there's no blood.

 Hemorrhagic anemia occurs when there's an excessive amount of bleeding into the veins. It leads to a significant reduction in the ability of the blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs of the body. There can be acute or chronic bouts of hemorrhagic anemia.

 what is anemia in hindi??